North Korea is claiming it has successfully detonated a miniaturised hydrogen bomb. Tremors were picked up by seismologists in the US, South Korea and China at 10am local time (1.30am GMT) at a known nuclear test site at Punggye-ri and confirmed by state television. What is a thermonuclear bomb? According to John Carlson, the former head of the Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office, a thermonuclear bomb – colloquially known as a hydrogen bomb – is essentially a two-stage explosion: one a nuclear fission reaction, the other a nuclear fusion reaction. The “primary” explosion is the fission reaction – think, a conventional nuclear bomb – that emits x-rays which cause the “secondary” explosion, triggered by the fusion of tritium and deuterium, two hydrogen isotopes. These two isotopes naturally repel each other, but the x-rays weaken this repellent force, causing the pair to fuse together. It is the fusion of these two isotopes that triggers the enormous energy release...
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